Usul al-Kafi
Book 4:
The Book of Divine Proof

Chapter 15
Virtues and attributes of Imams

336. 1. Translator’s note: This tradition by Imam Ali ar-Reza (p) is a lengthy discourse on the excellence, greatness, importance, significance and the indispensability of the recognition of the Imams. In this discourse the Imam dwelt on the different aspects of Imamate and defined it thoroughly. Here are some virtues, qualities, and attributes of the divinely guided and Infallible Imams. The following excerpts are selected from this discourse of Imam Ali ar-Reza (p)
The Imam is like the sun, which rises on the horizon and illumines the world with its rays. The Imam is a bright moon, a radiant lamp, a shining light, a guiding star; be it in the depths of darkness or in the midst of towns or deserts or seas.
The Imam is potable water for the thirsty and the guide to God’s path. He is your saviour from destruction. He is a beacon on a mountain, a perennial guide through perils. Whoever distances himself from the Imam is doomed.
The Imam is like a heavy rain-bearing cloud. He is the rain that pours and pours. He is the brilliant sun, the impenetrable sky, the vast earth, and the gushing fountain. He is the lake. He is the orchard. The Imam is a companion, a friend, a kind father and a dear brother, an object of maternal love. The Imam is the refuge of believers in the midst of calamities.
The Imam is God’s trustee in the world. He is God’s proof for believers. He is His Viceregent on earth. He is the one to beckon us to God. He keeps us away from what God has forbidden. The Imam is sinless and absolutely free from faults.
The Imam is an ocean of all learning and understanding. He is the organizer of the creed. He is the glory of the Muslims, the despair of the hypocrites, the ruin of the unbelievers.
The Imam is one and the only one during his age. He is unequalled. No intellectual can match him. There can be no substitute for him, nor can anyone be compared to him or be his peer.
All virtues are concentrated in him, he has neither sought them nor worked for them. They are bestowed on him by the Most Gracious Bestower. Who can then comprehend the Imam or have the power to choose him except Him?
The Imam knows everything and is ignorant of nothing. He protects us with all his power. He is the epitome of saintliness, purity, asceticism, piety, knowledge, and worship. He is most dedicated to the call of the Prophet and it is incumbent on us to obey him totally.
The Imam maintains the creed of God. In verse 2:269 of the Noble Quran, God refers to the Imam: When a person is chosen by God to worship Him, He expands his breast and deposes in his heart the springs of wisdom, and inspires him with total knowledge, so that he may answer questions clearly, unequivocally and unhesitatingly. The Imam is infallible, sinless, consistent in giving judgements, and an unwavering guide.
These attributes are conferred on the Imam, as he is the undeniable proof of God’s existence and a witness over His creatures. Such are God’s favours. God bestows them on whosoever He wishes and God is All-Virtuous and Powerful.
God bestows on him all these attributes and virtues so that he may become the proof of the existence of God. This (Imamate) is a favour of God and He bestows it on whomsoever He wills.

337. 2. Imam Jafar as-Sadiq (p) while describing the attributes of the Imams (p) during one of his sermons:
God has made clear His religion through the Imams on the right path, from the progeny of the Prophet Muhammad (p). Through them, God has made clear the direction of His path. Through them God has opened the hidden fountains of His knowledge. Thus, whoever among the community of Prophet Muhammad (p) has recognized the rights of his Imam which are obligatory has tasted the sweetness of his faith and known the beauty and grace of Islam, since God, the Blessed, the Sublime, has made the Imam a sign for His creatures and a Proof for those who obey Him, and for His creation. God has crowned him with dignity and covered him with the Light of His Might.
Thus, the Imam is the one who is selected and approved; a guide in whom God has reposed His confidence; an upholder, a fountain of hope. God has chosen him as such, and has moulded him before His sight, in the (world of) chaos when He shaped him, and in the (world of) fashioned things when He fashioned him. The Imam was created before the creation of the essence of life, on the right side of His throne. God granted Imam the wisdom from His secret knowledge. God has selected him with His knowledge, and has chosen him for His purity. The Imam is the successor of Adam, the best of the seed of Noah, the preferred one from the progeny of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) (p), the descendant of Prophet Ismaeel (Ishmael) (p) and the chosen one of the relatives of Prophet Muhammad (p). God is constantly watching him, protecting and guarding him against the intrigues of Satan and his armies, from the depth of darkness, the breadth of impiety, and repelling the disgusts of evil from him. He is free from any physical defect. Calamities are prevented from affecting him. He is immune from errors and well protected from all indecencies.
He is recognized right from his early age for his clemency and virtue. He remains an embodiment of virtuosity, knowledge and excellence throughout his life. His father’s commands are firmly ingrained in him. He remains passive during the lifetime of his father. When his father passes away the Command of God reaches him. God entrusts His religion to him, and appoints him the Proof over his creatures and His custodian over His territories, endows him with His spirit, imparts him His knowledge, reveals upon him His decisive speech and His secrets to him, and entrusts him with His sublime affairs.
God approves him as an Imam for them, reveals His secrets to him, makes him the custodian of His knowledge, confides His wisdom with him, makes him a shepherd for His religion, appoints him to His high command, and brings His path to life through him, His ordinances, and His restrictions. He sets up justice and guides with gleaming brilliance and provides beneficial healing when the ignorant are perplexed and the disputers rejoice. His guidance is based on the same principles as were practiced and preached by his truthful ancestors. No person but a miserable one will ignore the rights of this learned person (Imam). No person but a misled one will deny him (Imam). No one but a person insolent towards God will oppose him.